What Is Behind The Stunning Economic Success Of The Netherlands? The Dutch Economic Miracle: A Strategic Perspective

Pavlo Ignatiev (1) , Iuliia Tsyrfa (2)
(1) International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine , Ukraine
(2) International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine , Ukraine

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This paper examines the main factors and prerequisites for the intensive economic development of the Netherlands by taking into account the contribution of tourism, logistics, industry, and agriculture to the economic miracle.


Methodology: In this work, the historical methods, as well as the theory of relative advantages and the general methods of scientific research, were used.


Main findings: The preconditions for the rapid growth of the Dutch economy include successful domestic reforms carried out by the Government at the end of the 1990-is; a favorable trade regime focused on the freedom to exercise an economic or commercial activity; as well as deep integration of the country with the European Union that allows it to take full advantage of the European single market and remain one of the economic leaders within this Community.


Research limitations/implications: In this study, authors propose a roadmap for those countries that are struggling because of the lack of well-thought national planning policy. They also hope that their information may be useful for Ukraine in the process of post-war reconstruction in the future.


Novelty/Originality of this study: This article represents an attempt to create a comprehensive picture of the Dutch economic miracle that includes export performance, logistical activities of Rotterdam Port, Schiphol, and Eindhoven International Airports, and the functioning of the highly efficient tourism industry that encompasses the Netherlands and the region of the Dutch Caribbean. In the article, both authors combine historical knowledge

Full Article

Generated from XML file

References

Agroberichtenbuitenland. (2021). Dutch Dairy in Figures 2020. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl/landeninformatie/oekraine/documenten/publicaties/2021/10/04/dutch-dairy-in-figures-2020

Airport-Eindhoven.net. (n.d.). Eindhoven Airport. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.airport-eindhoven.net/

Alesina, A. (2003). The Size of Countries: Does It Matter? Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(2-3), 301-316.

Amsa-network.com. (2019, April 16). History of the World’s Oldest Stock Exchange. Retrieved on March 11, 2022, from https://amsa-network.com/amsanews/search/2019/4/16/history-of-the-worlds-oldest-stock-exchange

Amsterdam Airport. AMS. (n.d.). Amsterdam Airport. Your Gateway to Amsterdam City in Netherlands. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.amsterdamairport.info/

Amsterdam info. (n.d.). Amsterdam Art Museums. Retrieved on March 9, 2022, from https://www.amsterdam.info/museums/art/

APM terminals.com. (n.d.). Company Presentation Q2 2021. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.apmterminals.com/en/about/our-company

ASM. (n.d.). History. Retrieved on April 15, 2022, from https://www.asm.com/about/history

Aviation Pros. (2021, October 20). KLM Operating Direct Flights to 162 Destinations This Winter. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.aviationpros.com/airlines/press-release/21243097/klm-royal-dutch-airlines-klm-operating-direct-flights-to-162-destinations-this-winter

Beckley, M. (2018). The Power of Nations: Measuring What Matters. International Security, 43(2), 7-44.

Beveragedaily.com. (2010, January 14). Heineken Buys Up FEMSA Beer Business. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2010/01/14/Heineken-buys-up-FEMSA-beer-business

Booking.com. (n.d.). About Booking.com™. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://www.booking.com/content/about.en-gb.html

Boscalis. (n.d.). Boscalis. Company Profile. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://boskalis.com/about-us/company-profile.html

C40Knowledge Hub. (n.d.). Amsterdam’s City Development as a Tool for Meeting Circular Ambitions Following COVID-19. Retrieved on March 14, 2022, from https://www.c40knowledgehub.org/s/article/Amsterdam-s-City-Doughnut-as-a-tool-for-meeting-circular-ambitions-following-COVID-19?language=en_US

Carribean Islands.com. (n.d.). Sint Maarten. Retrieved on March 15, 2022, from https://www.caribbeanislands.com/sint-maarten/

Carribeannewsglobal.com. (2020, November 25). Netherlands Ambassador in Suriname after Decade of Poor Relations. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://www.caribbeannewsglobal.com/netherlands-ambassador-in-suriname-after-decade-of-poor-relations/

CBS NL. (2019, May 28). Natural Gas Revenues Almost 417 Billion Euros. Retrieved on April 14, 2022, from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2019/22/natural-gas-revenues-almost-417-billion-euros

CBS.NL. (2018, March 19). Palm Oil Imports on the Rise Again. Retrieved on March 19, 2022, from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2018/12/palm-oil-imports-on-the-rise-again

CBS.NL. (2021, January 22). Agriculture Export Staying Rooted. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/03/agricultural-exports-staying-rooted

CBS.NL. (2021, July 14). Dutch GDP Per Capita Still Relatively High within the EU. Retrieved on March 6, 2022, from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/28/dutch-gdp-per-capita-still-relatively-high-within-the-eu

CBS.NL. (2021, June 23). The Netherlands Is the EU Largest Meat Exporter. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2021/25/the-netherlands-is-the-eu-s-largest-meat-exporter

CNBC. (2019, July 31). A Major River in Europe Hit by Drought Could Create Economic Chaos. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/31/low-water-levels-in-the-river-rhine-could-create-havoc-for-germanys-economy.html

CNBC. (2021, November 24). Investors Are Going Wild over Dutch Chip Firm. And You’ve Probably Never Heard of It. Retrieved on April 15, 2022, from https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/24/asml-the-biggest-company-in-europe-youve-probably-never-heard-of.html

Copa Airlines. (n.d.). Copa Airlines and KLM Establish Broad Code Share Agreement. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://copa.gcs-web.com/static-files/d74346ee-f078-40d1-8506-53a102d252b8

Cruise Mapper.com. (n.d.). Amsterdam, Holland. Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://www.cruisemapper.com/ports/amsterdam-port-56

Cultural Atlas. (n.d.). Dutch Culture. Core Concepts. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/dutch-culture/dutch-culture-core-concepts.

Curaçao Monuments. (n.d.). Willemstadt: UNESCO World Heritage Site. Retrieved on March 15, 2022, from https://curacaomonuments.org/

DAF.com. (2021, February 4). DAF Strengthens Its Position in 2020. Retrieved on April 15, 2022, from https://www.daf.com/en/news-and-media/news-articles/global/2021/q1/daf-strengthens-position-in-2020

Daily Sabah. (2021, August 13). Netherlands Has the Largest Number of EV Charging Stations in Europe. Retrieved on April 15, 2022, from https://www.dailysabah.com/life/environment/netherlands-has-the-largest-number-of-ev-charging-stations-in-europe

Delta Werken online. (n.d.). Rivers and Lakes. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from http://www.deltawerken.com/Rivers-and-lakes/360.html

Destatis. Statistisches Bundesamt. (2022, February 18). China Was Germany’s Most Important Trading Partner in 2021 for the Sixth Year in a Row. Retrieved on April 6, 2022, from https://www.destatis.de/EN/Press/2022/02/PE22_068_51.html

Discover Holland. (n.d.). Dutch Windmills. Retrieved on March 7, 2022, from https://www.discoverholland.com/best-of-holland/16/dutch-windmills

duisport. (n.d.). Duisport: Facts and Figures. Retrieved on April 6, 2022, from https://www.duisport.de/hafeninformation/?lang=en

Dutch News.nl. (2021, November 4). Action Is Needed to Curb International Student Numbers, Universities Warn. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2021/11/action-is-need-to-curb-international-student-numbers-universities-warn/

EFA News. (2021, July 23). Holland Is the Largest Beer Exporter in Europe. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.efanews.eu/item/20172-holland-is-the-largest-beer-exporter-in-europe.html

Expatica.com. (n.d.). Dutch Cheese Markets: Alkmar, Edam, Gouda and Woerden. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.expatica.com/nl/lifestyle/food-drink/dutch-cheese-markets-1126955/

Feng, H. (1999). Agricultural Development in the Netherlands. An analysis of the History of Dutch Agricultural Development and Its Importance for China: Report. 5.99.06. The Hague: Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI). Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/29312994.pdf

France24.com. (2019, October 15). Dutch to Raise Legal Age of Prostitutes to 21. Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://www.france24.com/en/20191015-dutch-to-raise-legal-age-for-prostitutes-to-21

Frankel, J. A., Romer, D. (1999). Does Trade Cause Growth. American Economic Review, 89, 379-399.

Gcaptain. (2021, October 25). Estonia’s Elenger Takes Delivery of First Damen LGC 6000 LNG Bunkering Vessel. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://gcaptain.com/estonias-elenger-takes-delivery-of-first-damen-lgc-6000-lng-bunkering-vessel/

Government of Netherlands. (n.d.). Toleration Policy Regarding Soft Drugs and Coffee Shops. Retrieved on March 13, 2022, from https://www.government.nl/topics/drugs/toleration-policy-regarding-soft-drugs-and-coffee-shops

Holland.com. (n.d.). History of Delft Blue. Retrieved on March 19, 2022, from https://www.holland.com/global/tourism/destinations/more-destinations/delft/history-of-delft-blue.htm

I am expat. (2021, August 12). Schoonschip: Is Amsterdam Sustainable Floating Neighbourhood the Future? Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://www.iamexpat.nl/housing/real-estate-news/schoonschip-amsterdams-sustainable-floating-neighbourhood-future

I am expat. (2021, July 13). Amsterdam Council Sets Cap for Tourism, Max 20 Million per Year. Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://www.iamexpat.nl/expat-info/dutch-expat-news/amsterdam-council-sets-cap-tourism-max-20-million-year

IBM.com. (2019, August 29). How the Port of Rotterdam Is Using IBM Digital Technology to Transform Itself from the Biggest to the Smartest. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/iot-digital-twin-rotterdam/

Iceaa-offshore.org. (n.d.). The ABC Islands. Retrieved on March 14, 2022, from https://www.iceaa-offshore.org/AbcIslands.htm

International airport review.com. (2008, December 3). Amsterdam Airport Schiphol: Leader in Innovation for Over 40 Years. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/640/amsterdam-airport-schiphol-leader-in-innovation-for-over-40-years/

Introducing Amsterdam.com. (n.d.). Houseboats in Amsterdam. Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://www.introducingamsterdam.com/amsterdam-houseboats

Invest in Holland. (2020). The Netherlands Compared 2020. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from https://investinholland.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/TheNetherlandsCompared.2020.pdf

Invest in Holland. (n.d.). 10 Inventions You Didn’t Know Were Dutch. Retrieved on April 14, 2022, from https://investinholland.com/news/10-inventions-didnt-know-dutch/

Juweelco. (n.d.). In the Netherlands. Retrieved on March 11, 2022, from https://www.juweelco.nl/en/jewelry/diamond/the-netherlands/

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. (n.d.). Information. KLM Corporate. Air France KLM. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.klm.ua/uk/information/corporate/about-air-france-klm

Lee, H.-C. (2010). How Geography and International Relations Shaped Economic Development in the Republic of Korea. Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2 (Selected Papers of Beijing Forum 2005), 7208-7217.

Listoproject EU. (n.d.). University of Groningen: Facts and Figures. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://listoproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Groningen-facts-2017.pdf

Low cost airline guide.com. (n.d.). Low Cost Eindhoven Flights. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.low-cost-airline-guide.com/en/cheap-flights-to-Eindhoven.htm

Maillard, S. (2021, March 16). Is the Netherlands Playing in the Big League? Policy Brief. The Jacques Delors Institute: Thinking Europe. Democracy and Citizenship. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://institutdelors.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/PB_210316_Netherlands_Maillard_EN.pdf

McMahon, F. (2000). Road to Growth. How Lagging Economies Become Prosperous. Halifax, Nova Scotia: Atlantic Institute for Market Studies. Retrieved on April 18, 2022, from https://www.aims.ca/site/media/aims/book_roadtogrowth_chapter3.pdf

Meininger hotels.com. (n.d.). 10 Most Fascinated Fun Facts about Amsterdam. Retrieved on March 7, 2022, from https://www.meininger-hotels.com/blog/en/fun-facts-amsterdam/

Metro. (2021, June 18). Netherlands Offers Free Pickled Herring to People who Get Covid Vaccine. Retrieved on March 12, 2022, from https://metro.co.uk/2021/06/18/netherlands-offers-free-pickled-herring-to-people-who-get-covid-vaccine-14792662/

Metroairport News. (2019, October 7). Celebrating KLM Royal Dutch Airlines 100th Anniversary. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://metroairportnews.com/celebrating-klm-royal-dutch-airlines-100th-anniversary/

Naveo Commerce. (2020). SPAR International Rolls Out Integrated Grocery E-commerce Worldwide. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.naveocommerce.com/spar-partnership-pr/

Netherlands Enterprise Agency. (2021). Operational Wind Farms in the North Sea. Retrieved on April 14, 2022, from https://english.rvo.nl/subsidies-programmes/sde/offshore-wind-energy-sde/existing-wind-farms-north-sea

News.KLM.com. (2021, July 14). KLM Network in Caribbean and South America Returns to 2019 Strength. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://news.klm.com/klm-network-in-caribbean-and-south-america-returns-to-2019-strength/

Port of Rotterdam. (n.d.a). Oil Refineries. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/setting/industry-port/refining-and-chemicals/oil-refineries

Port of Rotterdam. (n.d.b). Staying on Course in Exceptional Times. Make It Happen. Retrieved on March 19, 2022, from https://jaarverslag2020.portofrotterdam.com/FbContent.ashx/pub_1000/downloads/v210415091311/Annual-report-highlights-Port-of-Rotterdam-2020.pdf

Port of Rotterdam.com. (2019, May 1). Port of Rotterdam Authority Launches Rotterdam Food Hub. Retrieved on March 19, 2022, from https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news-and-press-releases/port-rotterdam-authority-launches-rotterdam-food-hub

Qubein, R. (2021, October 17). KLM CFO Looks to the Future amid Airline’s 102nd Birthday Celebrations. Forbes. Retrieved on April 18, 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ramseyqubein/2021/10/17/klm-cfo-looks-to-the-future-amid-airlines-102nd-birthday-celebrations/?sh=694707d14d94

Reuters. (2020, March 30). Dutch Flower Industry Continues to Wither amid Coronavirus. Retrieved on April 11, 2022, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-netherlands-flower-idUSKBN21H1BO

Reuters. (2021, September 24). Dutch Confirm Plan to End Gas Production at Groningen Next Year. Retrieved on April 14, 2022, from https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/dutch-confirm-plan-end-gas-production-groningen-next-year-2021-09-24/

Rotterdam style. (2020, August 11). A History of Rotterdam – from Fishing Village to Metropolis. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://rotterdamstyle.com/facts-history/a-history-of-rotterdam-from-fishing-village-to-metropolis

Salverda, W. (2005). The Dutch Model: Magic in a Flat Landscape? In U. Becker and H. Schwartz (eds.) Employment ‘Miracles’. A Critical Comparison of the Dutch, Scandinavian, Swiss, Australian and Irish Cases versus Germany and the US. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 39-64.

Sarel, M. (1996). Growth in East Asia. What We Can and What We Cannot Infer. IMF Economic Issues, 1. Retrieved on March 20, 2022, from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/issues1/issue1.pdf

Schiphol.NL. (n.d.). Facts and Figures. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://www.schiphol.nl/en/schiphol-group/page/facts-and-figures/

Schwartz, H., Becker, U. (2005). Introduction: Miracles, Mirages and Markets. In U. Becker and H. Schwartz (eds.) Employment ‘Miracles’. A Critical Comparison of the Dutch, Scandinavian, Swiss, Australian and Irish Cases versus Germany and the US. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 11-38.

Simple Flying. (2021, June 19). KLM’s Fleet in 2021. Retrieved on April 12, 2022, from https://simpleflying.com/klm-2021-fleet/

Singh, M. (2020, May 27). The Dutch Economic Miracle. The Connectere. Retrieved on March 21, 2022, from https://theconnectere.com/the-dutch-economic-miracle/

Stiglitz, J. E. (1996). Some Lessons from the East Asian Miracle. The World Bank Research Observer, 11(2), 151-177.

Swart, K.W. (2012). The Miracle of the Dutch Republic as Seen in the Seventeenth Century. An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at University College London (6 November 1967). Retrieved on March 22, 2022, from http://www.dianamuirappelbaum.com/?p=583#.YmqsOuhBzIV

Taylor, B. (2013, November 6). The Rise and Fall of the Largest Corporation in History. Business Insider. Retrieved on March 9, 2022, from https://www.businessinsider.com/rise-and-fall-of-united-east-india-2013-11

The Brussels Times. (2021, October 26). The Netherlands Fears a Greater Rise in Sea Levels than Forecast. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/eu-affairs/190678/the-netherlands-fear-a-greater-rise-in-sea-levels-than-forecast/

The Palmscribe.id. (2019, August 6). The Importance of Palm Oil. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://thepalmscribe.id/the-importance-of-palm-oil/

Thiessen, T. (2020, April 8). 7 Million Tulips No Tourists: Dutch Icon Keukenhof Closed due to Coronavirus. Forbes. Retrieved on March 14, 2022, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/tamarathiessen/2020/04/08/7-million-tulips-no-tourists-dutch-keukenhof-closed-to-coronavirus/?sh=478be032a01e

Unesco World Heritage Center. (n.d.). Netherlands. Retrieved on March 7, 2022, from https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/nl

Universiteit Leiden. (n.d.). The Key Facts and Figures about Leiden University from Its Annual Report for 2020. Retrieved on March 18, 2022, from https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/about-us/facts-and-figures

Van Oord. (n.d.). Van Oord. More information. Corporate brochure. Retrieved on April 19, 2022, from https://www.vanoord.com/en/about-us/

VDL. (n.d.). About VDL Nedcar. Retrieved on April 15, 2022, from https://www.vdlnedcar.nl/en/vdlnedcar/about

Wallerstein, I. (1980). The Modern World System. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press.

Watersnood Museum. (n.d.). Delta Works. Retrieved on April 4, 2022, from https://watersnoodmuseum.nl/en/knowledgecentre/delta-works/

Yahoo! Finance. (2020, August 29). Top Ten Countries with Largest Gold Reserves. Retrieved on March 7, 2022, from https://finance.yahoo.com/news/top-10-countries-largest-gold-140035436.html

Authors

Pavlo Ignatiev
pavloi@yahoo.com (Primary Contact)
Iuliia Tsyrfa
Author Biographies

Pavlo Ignatiev, International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

Pavlo IGNATIEV: Doctor of Political Science, Senior Professor at the Chair of International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Teaches such subjects as ‘Country Studies: Asian, African andLatin American Countries’, ‘Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Interests in World Politics’, ‘Actual problems of international security’.

Iuliia Tsyrfa, International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

Ph.D. in Political Science, Associate Professor at the Chair of International Regional Studies of the Educational and Scientific Institute of International Relations of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine. The research papers are published in scientific journals of Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Nigeria, Romania, Belarus, and Russia. Scientific interests include foreign policy identity and political development of Ukraine and other European and North American Countries.
Ignatiev, P., & Tsyrfa, I. (2022). What Is Behind The Stunning Economic Success Of The Netherlands? The Dutch Economic Miracle: A Strategic Perspective. Innovation Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 4(4), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v4i4.156

Article Details

Smart Citations via scite_